Cat 5
The most basic type of network cable it can support up to 100 Mbps of Ethernet and for up to 100 meters or 328 feet.
Cat 5e
The Enhanced Cat 5 cable can handle data transfers up to 1000 Mbps which makes it suitable for Gigabit Ethernet. In addition, Cat 5e cable was designed to have a better resistance to near-end crosstalk or interference.
Cat 6
The most advanced cable, it supports up to 10 Gigabit Ethernet for up to about 37 meters or 121 feet.
Cat 6a
Same as Cat 6 however it addresses the distance issue and is certified for up to 100 meters or 328 feet.