Yes, it will work. You will need to download the software from Rocketfish and then do the install using a thumbdrive since UltraBooks don't usually have a CD/DVD drive. (The product comes with a CD.) But once you install the software, your UltraBook should recognize the new network connection.
You need a CD/DVDROM to load the drivers. Windows8 may (I say may) be able to automatically load drivers if you are connected to wireless if you do not have a cdrom to load the drivers.
Your USB connection on the printer is going to be different. You might look at your router and see if there is a usb connection on it for printer or device sharing. Something like the recommended products will give you usb printer sharing from the router.
Enjoy!
Products from my answer
ASUS - Dual-Band Wireless-N Router with 4-Port Gigabit Ethernet Switch - Black
No, I don't believe a printer would be able to use this device. The printer wouldn't have the drivers for it. You would need a USB Print Server to do what you want to do.
Because the dongle takes Internet traffic, hooking up a printer should work, but I have not tried this, because I connect my printer via a USB cable. If you have this dongle, give it a try, it can not hurt either device!
This will not work for that application. You need to either get a print server or a wireless router with a USB port, like this one: http://m.bestbuy.com/m/e/product/detail.jsp?skuId=1208844&pid=1218234872989&pcatId=abcat0503000.